EXXON ENERGY

Can be used in the attempt of modern chemistry and properties of new materials which through their different characteristics superior to all types of production purposes. Synthesis of some new products to the chemical reactions required a necessary condition for the selection of reactants and their chemical reactions and mechanisms that affect them, and are distinctive characteristics, including some of the knowledge through the detailed knowledge of the structure.

There is a chemical reaction changes in molecules and elements which results in new molecules with new properties that are being formed. During the reaction is described by the chemical formula. He called for materials that are formed in reaction to the products and materials that interact together are called reactants. Equation is used to react, or the chemical formula, and a symbol of the collapse of a chemical reaction. Reactants, and materials that start a chemical reaction, chemical equation is written to the left, before the shares, and is written products, the arrow on the right side:

Iron (o) s (o) ® Fas (s)

(Carbon Group) iron and sulfur (the same group) react to produce iron sulfide.

In many responses to changes in the content of the state. For this reason, materials, or reactants or product, whether (s) concrete, liquid state (left), or gaseous (g) as above the lower case letters in brackets, as shown. Products that are less than the amount of the reactants in the results if we set a response, or reaction synthesis says. If there are more products from reactants, separation, or the collapse of the response.

Energy and chemical reactions

Elements of the State which is the most natural or most useful for them strongly, and this is where one is filled outermost electron shells, try to get. For this reason, the transfer of electrons between atoms in many cases, donated or accepted. Some items to donate electrons more easily, while some elements accept electrons more easily. In extreme cases, the transfer of atomic electron of the atom or in whole to the same elements. But electrons in most of the time, just not moving, but also a joint between two atoms, though may be attracted to the electrons of the atom to the other force. A chemical bond.

Always the most ideal for atoms and molecules with less energy to that State. Most chemical reactions, energy is then released, which was involved in high-energy bonds to the surrounding areas. But to answer for the release of this energy, the reactants enough to break the original bonds and allow the formation should be infused with new energy. He added that most of the time, a certain amount of energy to the system (usually in the form of heat) to the reaction to start, or to go. Is called the energy of the reaction activation energy.

Being formed to order new vehicles, and we must break the reactants before the bonds. Activation energy must be present in the system. Involved the new bonds which are more suitable for active atoms and molecules in the formation of reactions helps. If you do not respond to the development of more energy (activation energy) to start your own, and this reaction proceeds, leading to the release of some of the environment and energy.

This is a reaction to the heat. If, however, the formation of new vehicles, published in the activation energy in the energy field, energy should be added continuously as long as the interaction. This type of reaction to move forward in their country. This reaction is endothermic.

Can release energy and heat, but can be light or electricity. Energetic phenomena called released by chemical reactions the heat from the type of reaction.

Each chemical reaction at their own pace (reaction rate) goes on. Affecting the rate of chemistry is very important. Can also be the focus of individual reactants and products, and can determine changes in heat and temperature. Gaseous state of matter in the responses, may be influenced by the rate of response to high pressure and more rapid response with the resulting pressure. Reactants increases the reaction rate, and increase concentration. Increasing the temperature also causes an increase in response rate. 10 Kelvin (= 10 ° C) causes the growth response is twofold.

Response rate is also evident on the surface, which allows the reactants to react on the size of the affected. In other words, if the reactants are divided into small particles, leaving most reaction in the reactants more quickly than income. Ions formed

Many compounds, atoms form what is called an ionic bond. In this type of relationship, and electrons in nuclear outer membrane of the atoms that are transferred to admit. This is a full transfer. Atom which accepts the electron or electrons completely fill the outer cover, thus achieving a noble gas electron configuration. Donor atoms, which gives each of the electrons, it is also clear outer shell electron noble gas composition (at a lower level of energy) is achieved.

The transfer of negatively charged electrons in the positively charged donor atoms leads to an excess of protons, and therefore the positively charged ion-General is the formation of (positive). Corn second, which accepts an electron or electrons, ions and negatively charged (anion) is. Two opposite charged ions is the basis of an ionic bond to attract electricity.

Compounds that form ionic salts constitute a large proportion. That atoms or molecules a positive charge (cations), and the acid, which is negatively charged ions has been with the beginning of the second half. Reaction mechanism begins when a hydrogen atom (or atoms) acids to escape, forming a positive ion. Hydrogen atom is replaced by other positively charged positive (or cations) with.

For example: sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid (HCl) (sodium hydroxide) = (table salt) sodium chloride H2O (water)

Equivalence of salt in response to a given hydrogen ions are able to be transferred is the number.

In response to the above, the sodium ion and only one is replaced by hydrogen ion, and the formation of sodium chloride (table salt, sodium chloride). For this reason, and salt and parity. Salts are soluble (able to solve) in water, and has a high melting point and boiling. Salts, and when he spoke in the solid state of matter, as well as crystal.

Molecules of ionic compounds are usually spatially repeating. In other words, as one of the crystal. Crystal spill, or from a saturated solution (a solution which has exceeded the maximum of the melting, which can be solved more salt) to crystallize. Crystal article or unemployed (material without a regular crystalline structure), and can grow to change.

The crystal and amorphous materials is the difference between? Double amorphous materials, are not fixed, regular structures. Crystal lattice – on the other hand, is determined the crystal structure of the rules of procedure completely.

All corners of the specific crystal which together form the sides of the crystal. In the formation of these ratios, which are very specific to repeat.

Can be integrated and there are other types of bonds in the crystal lattice and a part of its parts. Can be particles of various shapes and sizes. These different crystalline structures, with different shapes and sizes are nuclear particles and distinguish ions. All the right geometric arrangements for the elaboration of its borders with the knowledge and, in some cases, acute angles, and this stop. Perfect crystal lattice is a thing of beauty, which are arranged all the points in the lattice completely to their places of natural resources. In reality, however, perfect crystals of this kind are very rare. Most of the time crystals that occur in nature are perfect. Crystal lattice component is not a few points. Sometimes, the network is very flawed.

Mode crystal or crystal temperature, and the growth of crystals, and to focus in solving the content of the solution and a foreign material, if any, to crystallize the amount depends on external factors such as natural speed.

Crystal can be described with the assistance of two words:

Proportion of crystals and crystal type

Blocks of different materials to show that the complex and varied, the crystal structure perfection can add form.

Crystal can be made according to the crystal lattice are different. According to this criterion, there are simple crystals, the crystal lattice of the individual dots in the possession of parts of himself. Can imagine the regular growth of the crystal as a kind of inflammation, and its walls on all sides and edges. In addition to these, there are crystals of the complex, which consists of many simple crystals.

Procedures can be tested Crystal structural analysis. There are 7 basic types of crystal lattices of these are the 7 other derivatives. It all together, is known about 1000 crystal structure at the present time.

Crystals can show that the polymorphism in different forms. The crystals consist of material already crystal lattice may change depending on the temperature. (A component of pencil lead) graphite and diamond carbon atoms (c) the crystal structure are the two amendments. Different characteristics between the different atoms come from the force of gravity is different.

And profound (Alloush Greek -, a different metaphor – change), a compound which is able to take different forms.

Monotropes those crystals that can be arranged in different ways, but only one of these is stable. Other forms, when found, are the most stable and change. Since the differences in temperature is not relevant to the situation, because it can not be considered on the basis of these changes of temperature. The form of multiple formats, monotropes on the other hand, can be found in a variety of, sooner or later we have to change, and the most stable.

Enantiotropes crystal as a function of temperature in the crystal lattices have the ability to change. As the temperature rises or falls, these crystals change the arrangements of the crystal. Network above the critical temperature under a certain temperature in a place with the other, exist. Most of the time, and these critical temperatures are very high. It is assumed the interest during the production of iron, which, as a number of.

Isomorphs those materials that are part of the same crystalline structure, although they are completely different vehicles.

One of the simplest crystalline structures are characterized by salt (sodium chloride). Structure of the ions in the corners of a cube of chlorine gas in it. Sodium ions in the center of the cube sides and centers.

Pairs of electrons, covalent bonds

Can be separated between the atoms or molecules in some cases bonds. He added, I found the covalent bonds in non-metal atoms. He joined all the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen gases such as basic covalent bonds with the nuclear particles together. These types of bonds in the outer shell electrons of the atoms attached to help. The results of the Union of two electrons as a pair of electrons. Negatively charged atoms of two bonded electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. Join the electron pair will now share two electrons in the nucleus, they stick to each other, and their electron, and the Federation.

Each one of the two atoms, then, and apparently one or more additional electrons. The relationship between the electrons of the atoms share pair based on the nucleus of atoms on the two attractive. At the same time two atoms share electrons. All the atoms, which are found in the State have a tendency to want to fill their outer electron shells are. Hydrogen (H2) each associated with two atoms of hydrogen in the outer shell electrons one and only, it is. (A separation of hydrogen atoms and only one electron.) When, however, the two hydrogen bonded together, and electronic distribution of the second element, helium (He) to investigate.