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The study of natural ecosystems
Humans still have dependence on nature and biodiversity to meet basic needs such as water, air, etc. The study of natural ecosystems helps us to understand the intricate relationships between living beings and the environment. How to lead our activities to interact with nature should be in a sustainable way, i.e., “to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
Often similar or related ecosystems are grouped in classes’ larger so-called biomes (tropical forests, grasslands, etc). In conclusion, we can see all species of land, together with their environments, as a vast ecosystem that we call the biosphere. Producers: they are mainly green plants that take advantage of the light energy from the Sun to convert water and oxygen in glucose and release carbon dioxide as a by-product to what is known as oxygen, most plants use chlorophyll (Green pigment) to absorb the light energy to the photosynthesis.
Consumers: animals are large or small, while they feed producers are called herbivores or primary consumers, animals that eat the primary consumers are called secondary consumers, secondary consumers or secondary are called also carnivorous, which feed on both plants and animals they are called omnivores.
Smog intensifies due to certain conditions and of the most important is the thermal inversion, this is due to a derivation of normal change of the properties of the atmosphere with altitude increase. It usually corresponds to an increase in temperature with height, or to a layer (inversion layer) occurs where the increase. Indeed, the air not can rise in an area of investment, it is cooler and, therefore, more dense at the bottom. An inversion can lead to air pollution, such as smog, trapped close to the ground, with adverse effects on health. An investment can also stop the phenomenon of convection, acting as an insulating layer. If for some reason this layer is broken, the convection of any present moisture can cause violent storms. This phenomenon can also lead to a storm of ice in cold climates.
The population of the Earth
If it is true that the human race is has been multiplying by a minimum of one million years where is everybody?.” The Bible reveals that man is has been multiplying in the Earth by about 6,000 years, and more specifically from the time of the flood, which left us about 5,000 years, approximately. If the length of a generation after the flood is 40 years and if the growth of the population, as her estimate experts, averages 2% at the moment, and if an average family had 2.3 children each (this whereas infant mortality, wars, plagues, natural disasters, etc.), then we would have the surprising result that 4,300 years from the flood of Noah, and until today they would have in the Earth an estimated 5,200 million people.
Scientific answer: once again we are faced with an example clear manipulation or perhaps complete ignorance. It starts from the premise that the rate of population growth has been constant for 5,000 years, which is totally false, and not only that, but it supposedly constant pace chosen by the creationist author is nothing more or less than 2%, when this percentage only has achieved in the history of mankind during just one decade (between 1965 and 1975) is his all-time high and has not ceased to be reduced since then (now a half). Therefore, the choice of a rate of growth of 2 per cent is he officiated and absolutely disproportionate, in fact, the pace of average growth estimated prior to the industrial revolution (19th century) is 0,123% and growth prior to the widespread development of agriculture would be zero.
In the same way that occurs with a large number of species in nature, it is expected that the number of human beings would be in more or less constant levels for tens of thousands of years prior to the development of agriculture. This fact and the continued advancement of technology have allowed progressively increasing life expectancy and the rate of population growth, which would have still remained a very small to shoot himself after the industrial revolution.
Choice of vegetation
In the deployment of squares and parks there is a large freedom in the choice of vegetation to be employed, defined primarily by space and by type of use he intended. Many species not indicated for the afforestation of streets and avenues have their opportunity to use there, such as large fruiting trees, in General, in addition to shrubs and herbaceous plants more exigentees under maintenance.
In afforestation of public walks, as its name suggests, are the most used trees, not only by plastic qualities as by businesses and by way of their hearts. The presence of trunk (stem only) and the porte topping in relation to other groups of plants are characteristics that define their use. Palm trees with the stem (Stipe) single and large shrubs, conducted in the form of avoretas, with single stem and copa raised, also are commonly employed.
The thorough knowledge of selected species in respect of its cultivation problems, their needs of climate and soil, the aspects of your upkeep, the speed of its development, as well as on its plastic qualities, such as shape, texture and color of each of their visible parts (stems, canopies, leaves, flowers and fruits) is a determining factor in the choice of vegetation.
Ecological crisis
The economic activities of mankind during the last century have led to serious pollution of our planet in a variety of waste production. Air, water and soil in areas of major industrial centers often contain toxic substances which exceed maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Since cases significantly exceeding the MPC sufficiently frequent and increasing morbidity related to pollution of the natural environment, in recent decades, professionals and the media, and follow them and people began to use the term “ecological crisis”.
All you should split the concept of “local” and “global”. The local ENVIRONMENT is expressed in the local raising of dirt-chemical, thermal, noise, electromagnetic-through one or several closely spaced sources. As a rule, the local ENVIRONMENT may be more or less easy to overcome administrative and/or economic measures, for example by improving process technology in the enterprise polluting or through redevelopment or even closure. Much more serious risk is global ecological crisis. It is a consequence of the whole economic activity of our civilization and manifests itself in changing the characteristics of the natural environment on a global scale and thus dangerous to the entire population of the Earth. Deal with the global ENVIRONMENT is much harder than with a local, and this problem will be solved only in the case of minimization of pollution produced by humanity to the level to which the nature of the Earth would be unable to cope on their own. Currently the global ecological crisis includes major components: acid rain pollution, the greenhouse effect, and the so-called ozone hole.
An important source of SO2 is the non-ferrous metal industry: production of copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and other metals includes stages of roasting of sulphides. Nitrogen oxides-predecessors of nitric acid-enter the atmosphere primarily in the flue gas of boilers of thermal power plants and exhausts of internal combustion engines. At high temperatures, developing in these devices, nitrogen air partially oxidized, giving a mixture of Mono-and nitrogen dioxide.
The Green requires a new development strategy
To varying degrees, but all enterprises associations affected by the global crisis. However, declining sales it was uneven, the sales structure has changed significantly. The market appeared steady demand for clean food, bio-fertilizers, energy-saving technologies, etc. Crisis made consumers more cautious about acquisitions, take into account not only the price, but first quality. Environmental component clearly became the prominence.
In a global sense of the world crisis showed that society clearly was delayed by traditional technologies to regulate markets and stimulate further economic growth. SOAP bubbles economy, the continuing dependence on hydrocarbon sources of energy and as a consequence, growing environmental problems, as well as the uneven development of the territories, the escalation of local conflicts, floral and other revolution is the natural result of the established system.
The time has come to make the transition to a new development paradigm, which is more consonant with the goals of sustainable ecological development of the territories, has contributed to more effectively address the socio-economic problems. The new development paradigm, I think it should be, in terms of the future, more fundamental values. The transition from commodity economy to innovation, the development of energy efficiency, energy saving and resource saving technologies, investment in human capital, environmental protection, the need to pass on to future generations a better and sustainable world order – all this requires public green consciousness development paradigm.
If a new development strategy will be positively perceived by society, she, in turn, will require the enterprises as propagators of a market economy, transition and new green business-formats (models). The high quality of life of the population, including comfortable conditions of labor, consumption of clean food, healthy lifestyle is the strategic direction. The inhabitants of the territories through the mass media is motivated by ecological lifestyles, participation in projects for the conservation and improvement of the environment, which gives a greater sense of the existence of a clear vision of the future for themselves and their children.