EXXON ENERGY

climate and weather is a major determinant for growth and productivity of food crops. World agricultural production system is currently based on the need for crop year, except for some crops such as bananas, coconuts, fruits, grapes, nuts, some vegetables such as asparagus, rhubarb, and others. The crops are cultivated in a certain planting conditions.

Agricultural productivity varies significantly from year to year. Drastic weather changes, more effect than changes in agriculture on average. Plants and animals are very sensitive to weather changes that are temporary and drastic. Weather differences between years is more influential than the projected climate change. And there is no evidence that climate change will affect weather changes yearly.

Farmers are always dealing with climate change. The size difference between the year have exceeded forecasts of climate change. Annual climate fluctuations, in some order of magnitude higher compared with predictions of climate slowly changes proposed by ecologists. This is illustrated in Summer Maize United States agricultural area, between the years 1988 (dry and hot) and 1992 (wet and cold). Temperatures during July and August differ 80F within two years in some states. The most critical unknown is the pattern of drought frequency. Drought occurs in some places in the world every year. The annual dry season are also common in agricultural areas of India, China, Russia and several African countries.

This paper will discuss the implications of the greenhouse effect, or especially, climate change caused by increasing atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the productivity of food crops. Also consider the direct and biological effects of these elevated levels of CO2. And the interaction of biology and climate on the growth and production of food crops.

Influence of Climate on Growth and Productivity Crop

Salient variables that are expected to affect the growth and productivity of food crops due to the increased levels of CO2 is a warming earth. Based on objective observation in the field, estimated to be lower than the weak climate modeling and the rough using the computer. Based on computer modeling, the earth will heat up an average of 1.5 to 4.5 OC if CO2 levels rise twice.

Second, the temperature rise can be expected and will affect rainfall patterns. For most food and fiber crops and some other species changes in the availability of water has a greater effect than temperature rise. Regional climate modeling has been modeled in a rate more or less convincing than the model for global climate.

Third, global warming affect the variables that affect agricultural productivity. This will be very important for agriculture-related temperature zones, both for the accretion and the intensity of the plant or unit growth rate. Attention will be focused on farmers and seasonal differences between years in rainfall, snow, long growing season, and different temperatures in the days that affect the growth stage. Stability and reliability of production is as important as the quantity of production itself.

The concern for climate change in the future and greater changes will be balanced by research on the benefits of increased CO2 for photosynthesis and reduced crop needs for water, and keep increasing results. For 70 of knowledge, changes in weather, indicating that the yields in the USA, Russia, India, China, Argentina, Canada and Australia, enabling the country with good weather to keep the food security of poor weather state. Drought as a whole in the world almost never happens today.

Although there is no certainty that the agricultural world can anticipate climate change, the change will add to the problems that must be addressed in the next decade. Another problem is water scarcity and water quality, land became arid, the procurement of energy from fossil fuels and the sustainability of farming practices that now exist. Some of the practices that endanger human health and environmental sustainability must be changed along with the level of production of safe and reliable also must continue to be improved. Forecasts of climate change make a comprehensive agricultural research became very important in dealing with change effectively.

Research on climate change, will complement efforts to increase crop productivity, which is influenced by environmental pressures, which is now being conducted through genetic engineering, chemical treatment and processing patterns. This will provide two benefits at once, either as a protective facing short-term changes in the environment, such as drought and also help address climate change in the long term, and to capitalize on natural resources for increased production.

Different views about global warming that has good scientific weight appeared, supporting research that has been done before, has now concluded by some scientists that climate forecasting models are made is a very simplistic simplification of the process atmosphere and oceans are extremely complex. And nothing can be proven that the expenditure of greenhouse gases will have a significant effect on world climate, the causes of global warming can no longer are also more uncertain.
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